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Tajirika Kupitia Ufugaji wa Kuku wa Kienyeji.

Unknown November 29, 2017

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3lY3_H1XUSQKwP3XERzbYbJ3I1oWYWrgQ3w5EEpKbBUxQh4phjzL_sbjM5E2f8acEWmc0l9eo587dSkNYJbSqn7FO9zdvMVX_BAHwySYyu-Kc3QxJ5bm3VlltRNUA3EyVM96Zwyg-12Vs/s1600/kuku+wa+kienyeji.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="350" data-original-width="636" height="176" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3lY3_H1XUSQKwP3XERzbYbJ3I1oWYWrgQ3w5EEpKbBUxQh4phjzL_sbjM5E2f8acEWmc0l9eo587dSkNYJbSqn7FO9zdvMVX_BAHwySYyu-Kc3QxJ5bm3VlltRNUA3EyVM96Zwyg-12Vs/s320/kuku+wa+kienyeji.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Hapa tuta hitaji kuku 11 tu wakubwa wanao taga yani majike 10 na Jogoo 1 tu. Kwa kutumia kuku hao 11 baada ya miezi mitatu unaweza ukawa na kuku mia Tatu 300 au na zaidi kama unataka.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Nunua kuku wako katika chanzo cha kuaminika kuepuka magonjwa usinunue kuku sehemu za masokoni au kwenye mabanda ya njiani au kuku wanao safirishwa kutoka mkoa mmoja kwenda mwingine.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Unapo nunua kuku wakubwa kwanza unapo wafikisha wape chanjo ya mdondo (Newcastle vaccine) ili kuweka rekodi yako ya chanjo maana chanjo hii hurudiwa kila baada ya miezi 3. Ukumbuke tarehe uliyo wachanja na tarehe utakayo wachanja tena baadae.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Usinunue kuku kabla hujaandaa banda na Chakula.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Katika sh. 300000 toa sh.69500 ambayo utanunua Chakula cha kuku, kuku hawa hawana formula ya Chakula hivyo unaweza kununua material ukachanganya Chakula mwenyewe ampapo utaokoa pesa nyingi pia.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Mchanganuo Wa 69500 ni:-<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Pumba gunia 1. Shs.20000 gunia la pumba lina kilo 70.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Paraza kilo 25 = 700x25 =17500. Paraza ni mahindi yaliyo vunjwa vunjwa kwaajili ya Chakula cha kuku.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Mashudu ya alizeti kilo 15. 700x15=10500<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">layer's consetraite<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Kilo 25 kifuko. = 21500.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Ukijumlisha utakuwa umepata kilo 135 kwa shs 69500. Ambapo kila kilo moja ya Chakula utakuwa umenunua kwa shiling 514.8.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Chakula hicho kichanganye kwa kutumia chepe kichanganye vizuri kichanganyike pumba lazima iwe kavu kabisa ikaushe usiwape kuku pumba mbichi.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Kumbuka kuku anayetaga anakula Gram 130 kwa siku<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Hivyo kuku 10 watakula kilo 1.3 kwa siku ambayo ni gram 1300.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Hivyo tutaweza kuona Chakula chetu kitatupeleka zaidi ya siku 100 ya zaidi ya miezi mitatu.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">TOA SHS 170000 AMBAYO UTANUNULIA KUKU.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Mchanganuo wake Kwa kila kuku mzuri ambaye ajazeeka anayetaga utampata kwa shilingi 15000 na Jogoo nzuri utampata kwa shilingi 20000.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Jogoo 1 = 20000<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Majike 10 x15000= 150000 jumla 170000.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Itakuwa imebaki shs. 60500<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">-Hii pesa iliyobaki ni kwa ajili ya kununu material ya bei nafuu na kutengeneza banda la kuku 10 hadi 20. Kuku hawa hawaitaji banda Kubwa kwasababu hawashindi ndani wataingia ndani wakati Wa kulala jiaoni na mchana wakati wakutaga Kuku wachiwe eneo la kutosha na lenye mchanga watakao itumia kuoga kuondoa wadudu km papasi na utitiri sehemu wanayopenda kuoga nyunyizia Dawa ya utitiri.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Banda tengeneza la kuhamisha la futi 4x8x4 yani urefu kwenda juu futi 4 upana futi 8 kipenyo futi 4. Tumia materio yaliyo karibu nawe kama mirunda, mabanzi, Mabati reject au yaliyochakaa chicken wire au wire mesh, fito mbao 2x2 au 4x2 n.k. Kama ni sehemu za mjini litakugharimu kama Tsh 50,000-60,000.Vijijini au nje ya mji ambapo miti ni mingi litakugharimu Tsh 25,000 hadi 35,000.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Haya jinsi ya kuwaendeleza hao kuku ili kupata kuku wengi hadi utakao wataka. Hapa itabidi ukubali kupeleka Mayai sehemu ambapo wanatotolesha ambapo trey 1 ni shilingi 10000.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Hapa kuku hawa 10 watakupa wastani Wa Mayai 8 kwa siku ambapo kwa mwezi ni Mayai 240. Kila baada ya siku 7 peleka Mayai kwenye Mashine yakutotolea (incubator). Hivyo kwa mwezi utapeleka Mayai 240 utapata wastani Wa Vifaranga 200. Hivyo baada ya mwezi nakushauri usitotoleshe tena hao Vifaranga 200 ni wengi sana kwa kuanzia kwa kuwa tayari tunenunua Chakula cha kuku cha kutupeleka miezi mitatu basi Mayai utakayo endelea kuokota utayauza kwaajili ya kupata hela ya Chakula cha Vifaranga watakao toka hao zaidi ya 200. Hivyo mradi huu utakuwa unajiendesha wenyewe.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Nikiwa na maana kama kuku 10 watakupa wastani Wa Mayai 8 kwa siku na Mayai 240 kwa mwezi ni wazi kwamba kuku hao wanakuingizia 120000 kwa mwezi ambaya sasa hela Hii itatumika kununua Chakula cha kulea hao Vifaranga ambapo Mayai ya mwezi tu yataweza kununua Chakula ambacho Vifaranga 200 watakula mwezi pamoja na chanjo na Dawa zote.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><br /><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Hivyo baada ya miezi mitatu utakuwa na Vifaranga wakubwa Wa miezi miwili na Chakula cha kuku wakubwa ndo kitakuwa kinaishia hapa utachanganya Chakula cha aina moja tu wale Vifaranga watakuwa wameshakuwa kiasi cha kula Chakula chochote.<o:p></o:p></span></div></div>

Hapa tuta hitaji kuku 11 tu wakubwa wanao taga yani majike 10 na Jogoo 1 tu. Kwa kutumia kuku hao 11 baada ya miezi mitatu unaweza ukawa na ...

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Kilimo Bora cha Karanga.

Unknown November 27, 2017

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkXgSCwq4S561j8hv1__Ugdg_nU_0Qnd_J3Jtb0BhmN9Hs-PkGDxI8l6I13gowSHiCWG4xDJItTV2HLaKORTKAMTK5RsfVhekqVtCi0_z2Qc-Y74bNPRVR9Gm5H1_tpLv3Z77VyCnXgVor/s1600/karanga+1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="580" data-original-width="1021" height="181" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkXgSCwq4S561j8hv1__Ugdg_nU_0Qnd_J3Jtb0BhmN9Hs-PkGDxI8l6I13gowSHiCWG4xDJItTV2HLaKORTKAMTK5RsfVhekqVtCi0_z2Qc-Y74bNPRVR9Gm5H1_tpLv3Z77VyCnXgVor/s320/karanga+1.png" width="320" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Karanga ni mojawapo ya mazao yanayotoa mafuta. Katika Tanzania zao hili hustawi zaid katika mikoa ya Kusini Mashariki, Dodoma na Morogoro,Mikoa ya Kanda ya ziwa Shinyanga na Geita, pia Kilimanjaro, Mbeya na Mikoa mingine ya Tanzania. Pamoja na kutoa mafuta vile vile zao hutumika kwa njia nyingine mbali mbali,<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Nazo ni pamoja na: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">1. Chakula cha wanyama (Mashudu na majani)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">2. Kurutubisha ardhi<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">3. Chakula cha binadamu (Confectionary)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Kwa ujumla zao hili hutumika na wakulima kama zao la biashara.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">HALI YA HEWA<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Karanga hustawi vizuri katika maeneo yaliyopo kwenye miinuko chini ya mita 1500, toka usawa wa bahari katika Tanzania, na hustawi zaidi katika maeneo ambayo yanapata mvua za wastani wa mm 750 hadi mm 1200 kwa mwaka.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Vile vile karanga hustawi vizuri kwenye udongo wa kichanga, inashauriwa kutopanda karanga kwenye udongo mzito (mfinyanzi) hii ni kutokana na sababu kwamba, karanga hazistawi kwenye sehemu zinazo simama maji, na udongo mzito huleta hasara wakati wa uvunaji.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg54VRnYNMxlPlPu0nlP3dPXNnvy0lDFhMOe5DKd-JjLDNB3Kp27Z2zhgKgj9XXsiXtZObA9hGwpiHGCvPqioUyPi-xK3fVOmOvMmrNmHBeX8FdDCdcrWBra7v_LSLJLP4N2TYNvhj2Qwiz/s1600/karanga.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="351" data-original-width="625" height="179" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg54VRnYNMxlPlPu0nlP3dPXNnvy0lDFhMOe5DKd-JjLDNB3Kp27Z2zhgKgj9XXsiXtZObA9hGwpiHGCvPqioUyPi-xK3fVOmOvMmrNmHBeX8FdDCdcrWBra7v_LSLJLP4N2TYNvhj2Qwiz/s320/karanga.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">AINA ZA KARANGA<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Kuna aina kuu tano bora za karanga ambazo zimetolewa kwa wakulima hapa nchini.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">a. Red Mwitunde <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Ilitolewa kwa wakulima miaka ya 1950.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Mbegu za muda mrefu (Virginia Spreading bunches).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Huchukua muda wa siku 120 -140 toka kupanda hadi kukomaa. Ina uwezo wa kutoa kilo1000 kwa hekta. Mbegu zake ni kubwa na zina rangi nyekundu.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">b. Nyota<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Ilitolewa mwaka 1983.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Mbegu ya muda mfupi ( Spanish Errect Banch).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Huchukua siku 90-100 tangu kupanda hadi kukomaa. Ina uwezo wa kuzaa wastani wa kilo1500 kwa hekta. Mbegu zake ni ndogo, na zina rangi ya udongo (Tan).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Aina hii ya mbegu zina tabia ya kuanza kuota tena shambani mara tu zikiisha komaa, hivyo ni muhimu kuzivuna mapema zikisha komaa.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">c. Johari:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Ilitolewa mwaka 1985.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Mbegu ya muda wa kati (Virginia Spreading Bunches).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Huchukua siku 110 - 120 toka kupanga kuvuna. Mbegu zake ni kubwa na zina rangi ya udongo (Tan). Ina uwezo wa kutoa wastani wa kilo 1000 kwa hekta moja.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">d. Pendo: . <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Ilitolewa mwaka 1998.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Mbegu ya muda mfupi ( Spanish Errect Banch). Huchukua siku 90-100 tangu kupanda hadi kukomaa. Ina uwezo wa kuzaa wastani wa kilo 1500 kwa hekta. Maganda yake ni laini na mbegu zake ni kubwa, na zina rangi ya udongo (Tan). Kama Nyota, aina hii ya mbegu ina tabia ya kuanza kuota tena shambani mara tu zikisha komaa, hivyo ni muhimu kuzivuna mapema zikisha komaa.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">e. Sawia:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Ilitolewa mwaka 1998.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Mbegu ya muda wa kati (Virginia Spreading Bunches).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Huchukua siku 110 - 120 toka kupanga kuvuna. Mbegu zake ni kubwa na zina rangi ya udongo (Tan). Ina uwezo wa kutoa wastani wa kilo 1000 kwa hekta moja.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Pamoja na mbegu zilizotajwa, kuna aina nyingine nyingi za kienyeji (local varieties) zinazotumiwa na wakulima katika sehemu mbali mbali.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">UTAYARISHAJI WA SHAMBA<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Shamba litayarishwe vizuri kuwezesha udongo kupenyesha maji na mizizi kirahisi. Karanga hupandwa kwenye matuta au sensa (shamba tambarare).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">UTAYARISHAJI WA MBEGU<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Karanga ambazo zinakusudiwa kwa mbegu zitunzwe na maganda yake bila kubanguliwa. Zibanguliwe karibu na msimu wa kupanda na kuchaguliwa. Baada ya kuchaguliwa zitiwe dawa, aina ya Fernasan D, Katika uwiano wa gramu 28 za dawa kwa kila kilo 10 za mbegu safi.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">WAKATI WA UPANDAJI<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Uamuzi wa kuchagua wakati mzuri wa kupanda niule utakaoliwezesha zao hilo kukomaa wakati wa mvua za mwisho. Kuchelewa kupanda, hupunguza mavuno. Ni muhimu kuchagua aina ya mbegu ambazo uvunaji wake unafanana na mazingiza ya eneo hilo kihali ya hewa.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Kwa mikoa ya Lindi, Mtwara na Ruvuma, karanga za muda wa kati na mrefu (Johari, Red Mwitunde) zipandwe kuanzia katikati, hadi mwishoni mwa mwezi Desemba. Karanga za muda mfupi (Spanish na Valencia) zipandwe kuanzia mwishoni mwa mwezi Desemba hadi katikati ya mwezi Januari.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Kwa mikoa ya Tanga, Morogoro na sehemu za mkoa wa Dodoma, karanga zipandwe mapema mwanzo wa mvua ndefu. (Februari/March).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">NAFASI KATI YA MIMEA<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Inashauriwa kupanda karanga katika mistari. Nafasi kati ya mistari ni sentimita 50, na kati ya mimea ni sentimita 15, kwa karanga zinazotambaa (Virginia Spreading types). Kama karanga zinapandwa kwenye matuta ya sentimita 90, zipandwe mistari miwili, kila tuta. Kwa nafasi hii kiasi cha kil 60-75 za mbegu hutumika kwa hekta moja.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Kwa karanga zilizopo kwenye kundi la Spanish/Valencia (zisizotambaa), nafasi kati ya mistari ni sentimita 50, na kati ya mimea ni sentimita 10. Endapo karanga zimepandwa kwenye matuta ya sentimita 90, panda mistari miwili , inayofanya nafasi sawa na sentimita50 kwa sentimita 10. Kiasi cha kilo 80-100 za mbegu hutumika kwa hekta moja kwa kutumia nafasi hii.Kwa ina zote za mbegu, panda mbegu moja safi, katika kila shimo.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">MBOLEA<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Kufuatana na majaribio yaliyofanyika imeonekana kuwa karanga hustawi vizuri chini ya viwango vidogo vya phosphorus (TSP, SSP). Vile vile katika sehemu nyingine, karanga zimefanya vizuri kwa kutumia samadi. Ubadilishaji wa mazao (Crop Rotation) husaidia kutunza rutuba, hivyo kupunguza kiasi cha mbolea kinachotumika.Karanga zinaweza kulimwa baada ya mahindi, ili kutumia masalia ya mbolea.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">UPALILIAJI<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Karanga zipaliliwe zikiwa changa. Shamba lililotayarishwa vizuri na kuondolewa magugu ya muda mrefu (Perrenial weeds) linaweza kupalliwa mara moja, kwa sababu karanga hukua haraka, na zinaweza kushindana na magugu. Baada ya kutoa maua, karanga zisipaliliwe, hii inaweza kuharibu 'pegs', hatimaye kupunguza mavuno.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">MAGONJWA NA WADUDU WAHARIBIFU:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">1. MAGONJWA<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">(i) Ugonjwa wa kuoza (Aflatoxin)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Katika hali ya unyevu mwingi vimelea viitwavyo Aspegilus flavus huota ndani ya maganda na kushambulia mbegu za karanga. Vimelea hivyo hutoa kemikali ambayo ni sumu.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">KUZUIA<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Hakikisha kuwa karanga haziharibiwi wakati wa kuchimba.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Hakikisha karanga zinakaushwa vizuri (Unyevu wa 10%) kabla ya kuzitunza zitumike kama mbegu<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Karanga za kupanda zitiwe dawa aina ya Fernasan-D.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">(ii) Ugonjwa wa Madoa na Kutu: (Cercospora Leaf Spots and Rust)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Magonjwa haya husababisha madoa ya rangi ya kikahawia hadi meusi kwenye majani.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Vimelea vinavyosababisha magonjwa haya viko vya aina tatu:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">(a) Cersospora arachidicola. Husababisha Early Leaf Spot.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">(b) Phaeoisariopsis personata. Husababisha Late Leaf spot.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Ugonjwa wa Early Leaf Spot hutangulia kuonekana, lakini magonjwa yote mawili yanaweza kujitokeza shambani kuanzia wiki 3-5 baada ya karanga kupandwa.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">(c) Puccinia arachidis. Husababisha ugonjwa wa Kutu.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Kuzuia:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Kupanda mapema.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Kuondoa maotea ya karanga wakati wa kiangazi.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Tumia dawa aina ya Chlorothalonil (Daconil 2787)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Dawa huwekwa kiasi cha kilo l.6 katika lita 800 za maji kwa hekta moja, kila baada ya siku saba, kwa majuma machache kuanzaia maratu dalili za ugonjwa zinapoonekana.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Uchunguzi juu ya aina zinazostahimili magonjwa haya bado unaendele kufanywa kwenye kituo cha utafiti wa kilimo Naliendele.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">(iii) Ugonjwa wa Rosette (Rosette virus disease)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Ugonjwa huu huambukizwa na wadudu waitwao "Mafuta" Aphids (Aphis craccivora). Mimea ambayo imeshambuliwa na ugonjwa huu hudumaa, na inakuwa na madoa ya njano.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Ugonjwa wa Rosette (Ukoma)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Kuzuia:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Kupanda mapema<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Panda karanga zako shambani katika nafasi za karibu karibu.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Palilia na toa maotea shambani mwako.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">(iv) Ugonjwa wa maganda matupu (Empty pods or pops)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Karanga zilizoshambaliwa na ugonjwa huu, huwa lazina mbegu (maganda matupu). Ugonjwa huu husababishwa na ukosefu wa madini ya Calcium (chokaa) kwenye udongo<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Kuzuia:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Tumia Calcium katika hali ya Gypsum (Ca SO4) kwenye mimea au weka Chokaa (lime - CaO) kwenye udongo kabla ya kupanda. Ugonjwa huu uko kwenye mikoa ya kusini mwa Tanzania (Lindi, Mtwara na Ruvuma) na hushambulia sana karanga za muda mrefu kama vile Red Mwitunde.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Majaribio hapa Tanzaniia hayajathibitisha kuweka chokaa (Liming) kuwa ni jibu sahihi la kupambana na ugonjwa huu, lakini ili kupunguza, kupanda mapema ni muhimu.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">2. WADUDU WAHARIBIFU<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">(i) Mafuta Aphids au "Mafuta" (Aphis cracivora)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Hushambulia karanga kila msimu, lakini athari yao kubwa ni kueneza ugonjwa wa Rosette. Wakati wa mvua nyingi huoshwa toka kwenye majani, hivyo hawaleti madhara.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Kuzuia:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">• Kupanda mapema<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">• kupanda karanga karibu karibu<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">(ii) Groundnut hopper: Hilda patruelis<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Hufyonza mizizi, "pegs", na karanga changa, hivyo husababisha majani kuwa manjano, kunyauka, na mmea kukauka ungali mchanga. Wadudu hawa hushambulia mazao mengine kama vile maharage, kunde. alizeti na korosho, hivyo kunahitajika mzunguko (rotation) mzuri wa mazao.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Kuzuia:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">• Kwenye mashamba makubwa, inashauriwa kutumia dawa aina ya Aldrin au chloropyrifos, kuchanganya kwenye ardhi kabla ya kupanda.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">• Kunyunyizia Dimethoate mara tu wadudu wanapoonekana.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">• Kutochanganya na zao la korosho au mbaazi kwenye shamba moja na karanga.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">(iii) Mchwa.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Kuna aina mbili za mchwa ambao hushambulia na kusababisha uharibifu kwenye zao la karanga.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Aina ya kwanza ni wale ambao hutoboa sehemu ya chini kwenye mzizi, au kutengeneza matundu, na hukaa kwenye mmea wa karanga wakati wote zikiwa shambani.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Aina ya pili ni wale ambao hukata matawi yanayokua au kutambaa. Uharibifu huu huonekana zaidi kwenye shamba jipya. Kuchelewa kuvuna kunaweza kusababisha kupotea kwa mazao mengi, kutokana na kuharibika kwa mizizi, na kusababisha karanga nyingi kubakia shambani wakati wa kuvuna.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Kuzuia:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Mchwa wanaweza kuzuiwa kwa kutumia dawa aina ya Alandrin 40% ya unga, kwa kiasi cha kilo 2.5 kwa hekta., Njia rahisi ni kuchanganya dawa na mbolea aina ya Phosphate(TSP au SSP) au mchanga na kumwaga shambani kabla ya kupanda karanga.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">(iv) Panya:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Hushambulia sana karanga zinapoanza kuota, na wakati zinapokaribia kuvunwa.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Namna ya Kuzuia panya:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">• Tumia dawa za kuua panya<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">• Mitego<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">• Kuwachimbua toka aridhini walikojificha.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">(v) Ndege<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Kama panya, ndege hasa kunguru hushambulia sana karanga kabla hazijaota (mara baada ya kupanda), zinapoanza kuota, zinapokaribia na wakati zimekwisha komaa.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Kuzuia<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">• Kutumia mitego<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">• Kuamia<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">• Kuweka (kutundika/kuning’iniza) mzoga au kunguru mzima shambani.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjViDKoWKkWIqC-p0c6qHHv8FW9OFMZk4r1HtJrlIrVoThNJiJMJ5md9sE4S8WN_6wUoIhqIsh176ZiH5Vd241DNOEmCQGAqRjqxygWNMEtRhkC8d1azpF9KvjK8nrEK_8vwRtgOaFbCmHM/s1600/karanga+2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="389" data-original-width="799" height="155" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjViDKoWKkWIqC-p0c6qHHv8FW9OFMZk4r1HtJrlIrVoThNJiJMJ5md9sE4S8WN_6wUoIhqIsh176ZiH5Vd241DNOEmCQGAqRjqxygWNMEtRhkC8d1azpF9KvjK8nrEK_8vwRtgOaFbCmHM/s320/karanga+2.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">UBANGUAJI NA UTUNZAJI WA KARANGA<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Kubangua karanga ni kazi ngumu. Mtu mmoja anaweza kubangua kiasi cha kilo 12-15 kwa siku. Karanga zilizopo kwenye kundi la Virginia hubangulika kirahisi, kuliko aina yaSpanish au Valencia. Mashine za kubangulia karanga hupatikana hapa nchini, zinarahisisha kazi, lakini tahadhari isipochukuliwa huharibu karanga.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><br /><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Karanga zinazokusudiwa kutunzwa kwa muda mrefu, zitunzwe na maganda yake kwenye ghala. Ghala iwe kavu, yenye kupitisha hewa, na imara kuzuia wanyama waharibifu kama vile panya.Ubora na uwezo wa karanga kuota huanza kupotea mara baada ya kubanguliwa.<o:p></o:p></span></div></div>

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Kilimo Bora Cha Zao La Alizeti.

Unknown November 27, 2017

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6oeUmucRO4ixS62N4yk5vApD5lgPnqEcUM0FMz6VIk_2si5rUdqjD4yloVOJ8r7HO-9H5jK7JDFmoC0EoYPRKQwdMUHaI883QyAJQHFvw1T1yzkGcy12CiN56mSP4s1fLRXqAwdzvbv8g/s1600/kilimo+cha+alizeti.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="324" data-original-width="550" height="188" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6oeUmucRO4ixS62N4yk5vApD5lgPnqEcUM0FMz6VIk_2si5rUdqjD4yloVOJ8r7HO-9H5jK7JDFmoC0EoYPRKQwdMUHaI883QyAJQHFvw1T1yzkGcy12CiN56mSP4s1fLRXqAwdzvbv8g/s320/kilimo+cha+alizeti.png" width="320" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Alizeti hulimwa kwa wingi katika mikoa ya Shinyanga, Singida, Dodoma, Iringa, Tabora, Morogoro, Ruvuma, Mbeya, Arusha, Manyara, na Rukwa. Zao hili hulimwa kwa ajili ya chakula na biashara.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">MAMBO MUHIMU YA KUZINGATIA WAKATI WA UZALISHAJI<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Kuchagua aina bora ya mbegu<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Chagua aina bora ya mbegu inayovumilia magonjwa, wadudu, inayotoa mazao mengi na kiwango kikubwa cha mafuta.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Vilevile chagua aina ya mbegu ambayo hukomaa kwa wakati mmoja ili kurahisisha uvunaji.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">KUWEKA MBOLEA<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> • Rutubisha udongo kwa kutumia mbolea za mboji na samadi ili kupata mazao mengi na bora.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">KUDHIBITI WADUDU NA MAGONJWA<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> Alizeti hushambuliwa na magonjwa ya majani, mizizi na masuke ambayo husababisha upungufu wa mavuno. Hivyo ni muhimu kuyadhibiti ili kupata mavuno mengi na bora. Pia ndege hupunguza mavuno kwa kiasi cha asilimia 50 au zaidi. Njia ya kudhibiti ndege ni kwa kuwafukuza na kupanda mbegu zinazokomaa mapema.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">MAANDALIZI KABLA YA KUVUNA; <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> UKAGUZI <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> • Kagua shamba kuona kama alizeti imekomaa. Alizeti hukomaa kati ya miezi minne hadi sita tangu kupanda. Wakati huo punje huwa na unyevu wa asilimia 25. Ni muhimu kuvuna alizeti mapema ili kuepuka mashambulizi ya panya, mchwa na ndege waharibifu.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggekvZdcdBcx3GIUBmTUVH96W3VQdK2iIUP3RmIo0QI7OblvM8OOICrzCN59RE_nlvdfAKZc_8OXbsYea_g_f-6hmVPS2JiL2igbDyOLHt3Jrv9hZY8WfsAa0NGYvQKUe9yGN8xTpK36R4/s1600/sun.jpeg.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="407" data-original-width="716" height="181" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggekvZdcdBcx3GIUBmTUVH96W3VQdK2iIUP3RmIo0QI7OblvM8OOICrzCN59RE_nlvdfAKZc_8OXbsYea_g_f-6hmVPS2JiL2igbDyOLHt3Jrv9hZY8WfsAa0NGYvQKUe9yGN8xTpK36R4/s320/sun.jpeg.png" width="320" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">DALILI ZA ALIZETI ILIYOKOMAA<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Suke hubadilika rangi kutoka manjano na kuelekea kuwa nyeusi.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Viuwa vya pembeni mwa suke hunyauka na hubadilika kutoka rangi ya manjano na kuwa ya kahawia.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">UVUNAJI, UKAUSHAJI NA UBEBAJI <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Vifaa vya kuvunia na kubebea kutoka shambani<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Kisu<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Vikapu<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Magunia<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Matenga Vifaa vya kukaushia<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Maturubai<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Mikeka<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Kichanja bora Vyombo vya usafiri kutoka shambani<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Matoroli<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Matela ya matrekta<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Mikokoteni ya kukokotwa na wanyama<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Magari KUVUNA Alizeti huvunwa kwa kutumia mikono ambapo suke hukatwa kwa kutumia kisu. <o:p></o:p></span></div><br /><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Pia mashine (combine harvester) hutumika kuvunia alizeti katika nchi zinazolima alizeti kwa wingi. Masuke ya alizeti huwekwa kwenye vikapu ambavyo hutumika kusomba alizeti ndani ya shamba. Kisha alizeti hufungashwa kwenye magunia na kusafirishwa hadi nyumbani tayari kwa kukausha.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbX5V07Xt2TSAd9shJ4LNPxQ-cQoESf58jy61vlwBVfNVvl96zSPCnkOBLzj9koobMplz0wCcO1f-_aoSOfgLjszGtdcQLbSODZqElyTOBBDZhPI0WYmTv_sdrJsfvHtpZvOiufGKIoP6p/s1600/SEEDS.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="412" data-original-width="672" height="196" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbX5V07Xt2TSAd9shJ4LNPxQ-cQoESf58jy61vlwBVfNVvl96zSPCnkOBLzj9koobMplz0wCcO1f-_aoSOfgLjszGtdcQLbSODZqElyTOBBDZhPI0WYmTv_sdrJsfvHtpZvOiufGKIoP6p/s320/SEEDS.png" width="320" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">KUKAUSHA <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> Kuna hatua mbili za kukausha alizeti; kukausha masuke na kukausha mbegu za alizeti. Kukausha masuke<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Masuke hutandazwa kwenye kichanja bora katika kina kisichozidi sentimita 30 ili yaweze kukauka vizuri.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Vilevile huweza kutandazwa kwenye maturubai, mikeka au sakafu safi.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Lengo la hatua hii ni kukausha masuke ya alizeti ili kurahisisha upuraji. KUPURA Upuraji hufanyika baada ya kuhakikisha kuwa masuke ya alizeti yamekauka vizuri. Masuke ya alizeti hupurwa kwa kutumia mikono ambapo mbegu hutenganishwa kwa kupiga masuke taratibu kutumia mti. Ni muhimu kupiga masuke taratibu ili kuepuka kupasua mbegu<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Pura kwenye kichanja bora, maturubai au mikeka.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">KUKAUSHA MBEGU <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Mbegu za alizeti hukaushwa juani kwa kutandazwa kwenye vichanja bora, maturubai, mikeka au sakafu safi.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Tandaza mbegu katika kina kisichozidi sentimita 4 ili ziweze kukauka vizuri.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> Lengo la hatua hii ni kukausha mbegu baada ya kupura ili kufikia kiwango cha unyevu  kinachotakiwa kwa hifadhi salama ambacho ni asilimia 8.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">JINSI YA KUTAMBUA MBEGU ZILIZOKAUKA VIZURI <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Kufikicha mbegu<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Mbegu zilizokauka maganda yake hutoka kwa urahisi zinapofikichwa. Kumimina kwenye chombo kama debe<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Mbegu zilizokauka hutoa mlio mkali zinapomiminwa kwenye vyombo hivyo.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Mbegu zilizokauka hung’ara Kutumia kipima unyevu.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Mbegu zilizokauka vizuri kipimo huonyesha asilimia 8<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">. KUPEPETA NA KUPEMBUA <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> Kupepeta na kupembua hufanyika ili kuondoa takataka kama vile mawe, wadudu, mapepe, mbegu zilizooza au kupasuka. Mbegu za alizeti hupepetwa kwa kutumia ungo au mashine zinazoendeshwa kwa mkono, injini au umeme. Mashine hizi zina uwezo wa kupepeta na kupembua kilo 60 hadi 350 kwa saa kutegemea aina ya mashine na ukubwa wa mashine yenyewe<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">KUHIFADHI<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Alizeti iliyopurwa huhifadhiwa katika hali ya kichele kwenye maghala bora, yaani vihenge, sailo au bini. Alizeti ya kuhifadhi kwenye maghala ya nyumba ifungashwe kwenye magunia na ipangwe kwenye chaga kwa kupishanisha. Ili kurahisisha kazi ya kukagua ghala, acha nafasi ya mita moja kutoka kwenye ukuta.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Ziba sehemu zote za ghala ili kuzuia panya kuingia. Panya hupenda sana kula punje za alizeti, na husababisha upungufu mkubwa wa punje ambao husababisha upotevu wa asilimia 30 kwa kipindi cha miezi mitatu ya hifadhi. Asilimia ya upotevu inaweza kuwa kubwa zaidi kutegemea idadi ya panya na upatikanaji wa vyakula vingine kwa wakati huo.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Matumizi ya Mbegu za Alizeti Mbegu za alizeti hasa zenye mistari zinaweza kuliwa baada ya kukaangwa au kukaushwa. Pia zinatumika katika utengenezaji wa mikate. Mbegu za alizeti husindikwa kupata bidhaa ya mafuta.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">KUSINDIKA MBEGU ZA ALIZETI KUPATA MAFUTA<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Vifaa<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Mashine ya kukamua mafuta<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Chujio safi<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Ndoo<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Vifungashio<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Sufuria<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Mizani Malighafi<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Mbegu za alizeti<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Maji<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Chumvi<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">NJIA YA KUKAMUA MAFUTA <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> Chagua mbegu bora za alizeti<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> Zianike kwenye jua kwa muda wa saa 1 hadi 2<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> Weka kwenye mashine ya kukamulia ya daraja au Ram<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> Kamua mafuta<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> Chuja mafuta kwa kitambaa au chujio safi<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Pima mafuta yaliyokamuliwa.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Ongeza maji na chumvi. Katika lita 10 za mafuta weka lita moja ya maji na gramu 200 za chumvi.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Weka mafuta kwenye chombo cha kuchemshia (sufuria)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Chemsha hadi maji yote yaishe<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Sauti ya kuchemka ikiisha ni dalili kuwa maji yamekwisha.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Ipua, acha yapoe, kisha chuja kwa kitambaa safi au chujio<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Fungasha kwenye vyombo safi na vikavu na vyenye mifuniko<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">W eka lakiri na lebo • Hifadhi kwenye sehemu safi, kavu na yenye mwanga hafifu.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnFqGyN6qXDYBH-RAm8xgQ1T0ofhP3bfzPIMKc4eQAXOITIED2jPzv8m35PMfrPSBWmAMdbZ8H_cN-T2hR_TNK6QcjXJ5pt7SCpoBebawlRPsbkQ9rqWaEOJQpUJPGtRFk-2XOeq-FvuqZ/s1600/OIL.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="340" data-original-width="600" height="181" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnFqGyN6qXDYBH-RAm8xgQ1T0ofhP3bfzPIMKc4eQAXOITIED2jPzv8m35PMfrPSBWmAMdbZ8H_cN-T2hR_TNK6QcjXJ5pt7SCpoBebawlRPsbkQ9rqWaEOJQpUJPGtRFk-2XOeq-FvuqZ/s320/OIL.png" width="320" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">MATUMIZI <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">                                                                                                                 </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> Mafuta hutumika katika mapishi mbalimbali na yana virutubishi vifuatavyo: - Mafuta gramu 100 Nguvu kilokalori 900.<o:p></o:p></span></div></div>

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Hatua Muhimu Za Matunzo Kwa Kuku Wanaokua

Unknown November 24, 2017

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDEXF-gpMEd5xL0r0fT69KlzK2sNJ3fcNDgE0FN0jy9iae7qQ-PjH9TRwAbM4wx9vc66MyP5_MupN_AWkH39Cgu9iGAn-jcEbNzSlCIRo8zIJvzqb9UvbRTZULhehyphenhyphenGqNgHH7DdFw7kIo/s1600/KUKU2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="296" data-original-width="473" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDEXF-gpMEd5xL0r0fT69KlzK2sNJ3fcNDgE0FN0jy9iae7qQ-PjH9TRwAbM4wx9vc66MyP5_MupN_AWkH39Cgu9iGAn-jcEbNzSlCIRo8zIJvzqb9UvbRTZULhehyphenhyphenGqNgHH7DdFw7kIo/s320/KUKU2.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">Katika matunzo ya kuku wanaokua, hapa tunaangalia mitemba au kuku wenye umri wa kuanzia miezi miwili hadi minne. Kuku hawa wenye umri huu wanatakiwa watunzwe vizuri ili wakusaidie kukupa mfugaji faida, vinginevyo ukishindwa hapa kutunza kuku wako vizuri basi usitegemee kupata faida kubwa.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">1. Hatua ya 1, waweke kwenye banda kubwa.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">Hatua hii inakuja kama walikua bado kwenye eneo la kulea vifaranga, wahamishe na uwapeleke kwenye banda kubwa. Kama banda ni hilo hilo moja, waondolee ‘hardboards’ ulizokuwa umetengea vifaranga, na waachie kwenye banda zima.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">2. Hatua ya 2, wawekee bembea kwenye banda.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">Ukumbuke kwamba kuku ni ndege, hivyo kuna wakati wanapenda kuwa juu. Hivyo ni muhimu kuwawekea bembea ili iwasaidie kufurahia maisha yao na kuwa huru zaidi. Hiyo itakuwa ni sehemu mojawapo ya kufanya zoezi.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">3. Hatua ya 3,  weka matandazo safi.                                                                                  <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">Hakikisha matandazo yasiwe na harufu kali au vumbi.  Hakikisha pia maji hayamwagiki bandani. Na Mara tu yakimwagika ondoa matandazo yaliyolowa na weka mapya. Pia ukumbuke kubadilisha matandazo mapema ili yasiweze kutoa halafu na kuleta magonjwa mengine yatakanayo na matandazo kurundikana.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">4. Hatua ya 4, weka ratiba ya usafi.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">Unaweza ukaweka ratiba ya usafi bandani na kwenye eneo la kuzunguka banda, angalau mara mbili kwa wiki. Tumia dawa ya V-RID kufanyia usafi na kupulizia dawa hewani. Hii itasaidia banda lako kubaki safi wakti wote na afya kwa kuku wako pia.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">5. Hatua ya 5, wape kuku maji safi muda wote.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">Pia unaweza kuwaongezea vitamin kwenye maji yao hasa kama wanafugwa ndani muda wote. unapowapa maji safi muda wote si rahisi sana kuweza kupata magonjwa yatokanayo na bakteria.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">6. Hatua ya 6, wape chakula chenye virutubisho.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">Usiwape kuku wako ilimradi tu chakula, wape kuku wako chakula chenye virutubisho vya kutosha. Unaweza ukaanza kuwapa ‘growers’ au aina nyingine ya chakula kizuri. Ukiwalisha kuku wako chakula duni, wanadumaa.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">7. Hatua ya 7, rudia chanjo ya newcastle kwa wakati.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">Hii unaweza kufanya yaani kila baada ya wiki 10 tangu walipochanjwa mara ya mwisho. Unaporudia chanjo inasaidia sana kuwafanya kuku wako wawe imara wakati wote na inakuwa ngumu kukutana na magonjwa.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">8. Hatua ya 8, wape dawa ya minyoo.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">Dawa ya minyoo unawapa kuku wakiwa na miezi miwili na rudia kila baada ya wiki 10. Ukishindwa kuwapa dawa hii basi tegemea kuokota kuku wengi ambao watakufa kutokana na kushambuliwa na minyoo.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">9. Hatua ya 9, walishe majani na mboga mboga kwa wingi.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">Unapowalisha kuku majani ya mboga mboga hiyo itawairishia miili yao kwa kuiongezea kinga dhidi ya magonjwa. Hata hivyo kama kuku wakilishwa majani ni rahisi pia kuweza kutaga vizuri inapofikia kipindi hicho.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">10. Hatua ya 10, kama una eneo kubwa, wafungulie nje ili wazunguke zunguke.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">Waache kuku wako wazunguke na waoge kwenye mchanga.  Kuzunguka zunguka na kuparua parua kunawafanya bize na kudonoana na kulana manyoya. Kuoga kwenye mchanga kunawafanya wawe safi na kama wana wadudu, wanaweza kuwaondoka.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">11. Hatua ya 11, kuwa na mawasiliano ya karibu na daktari wa mifugo.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">Mara tu uonapo dalili za ugonjwa, wasiliana na daktari wa mifugo kwa ushauri zaidi. Pia tafuta chanzo cha ugonjwa ili ukiondoe.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><br /><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">Mwisho wa somo letu la leo na tunaamini umejifunza kitu cha kukusaidia kuboresha ufugaji wako.<o:p></o:p></span></div>

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